Shearing action device



Dec. 8, 1953 D. H. KEISER, JR

SHEARING ACTION DEVICE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 14, 1950 INKENTOR:

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SHEARING ACTION DEVICE Filed July 14, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 u guru" w [11 17 INV ENTOR: 5 12 y javzdfiozzmndljkzsag i,

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SHEARING ACTION DEVICE 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed July 14, 1950 Dec. 8, 1953 D. H. KEISER, JR 2,661,534

SHEARING ACTION DEVICE Filed July 14, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 device adapted to efiect movement Patented cc. 8, 1953 OFFICE iSl-EAElNGJACTION EDEVIGE lDavid. HowardiKeiser, J r.;

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Application July 14, 1950, Serial No. 173,784

5 Claims.

This inve ticn relates to shearing devices :of all types.

One object of my novel device of the tv certain structural and is invention is "to provide a e indicated which has tional features of advantage over the si' devices of :the prior art.

Another object is to provide a novel shearing of the blades thereof in such a "manner that the operat pressure exerted thereon by hand, or otherw is translated into a compound movement-of o...e of the blades relativeto the other, i. e., sidewise movement and canting of one of the'olades role, tive to theother, 'to such an extent'as to automatically bring about tightening of the contact pressure between the cutting edges of the blades in direct correspondence withthershearing pressure exerted during working operation of the device.

Another object is to .providesuch a d'evicethavnovelmounting means for onset-the blades thereof arranged to effect a positive, jointlcanting and shearing movement of said .bladeduring its cperationrelative to the other blade.

Another object is to prcvidenovel operating means for one of the blades of such a device arranged to instantaneously effect a-cantingzof this blade on the operation the device.

A further object is to provide'novel movement transmitting means for one of the-blades ofsuch device in. order to automatically effect the this blad on the operation of the de vice.

Another object is to provide manually operated device of this type requiringminimum hand pressure for the operation thereof.

An additional object is to provide a'highly efficient device of this type requiring .none, or but very little so 1113' pressure for holding the blades thereof constant shearingecntact.

Another object is to provide means whereby the blades of such a device are .held.in;positivc effective shearing contact during their entire shearing movement.

Another feature of the invention residesin the provision of novel mounting andoperating-me-ans (Cl."f30-I2.48 2

With these'andother objectsin View, which will become more,apparent from the following detailed description of various practical and illustrative embodiments of my improvements 5 ShOWlflill the accompanying drawingamy invention comprises the novel shearing devices, elements, features of construction and arrange- .of .p.arts .in cooperative relationship, as more particularly defined and indicated by .the

lfi hereto appended claims.

In .the accompanying drawings:

Figure .51 is -a plan .viewof .a shearing wdevice, commonly referred to as tinsmith shears, .em- .bodying my invention.

15 2 is. asideelevation of .theshearing .dev'ce showninIFigure 1.

Fig. 1.3 is .acrosssectional view, taken substantially onithe line indicated-by thearrows in 'Figure'l.

{in .Pig. is a .plan viewof one side of a shearing device L'known .as I pruning shears, embodying my invention.

5 is plan view of the other side of the "deviceillustrated in Figure 4, with the blades thereof. in their. closed position.

.Fig. isa side elevational view of the "device illustrated 'inFigures land 5.

Fig is an and View of the device depicted by "Figs '5 anddas seen by looking inthedirecthe arrovrsll in Figure 4.

IFigiSis a' plan viewof a shearing device, commonly referred to as hedge trimming shears,

embodying my invention.

Fig. .9 is ..a cross'se'ctional view of the device shown in 'Fig. L8, taken substantially as indicated 'by'th'e anows;9-"9"of the latter.

Fig. '10 is'a plan vi'etv'of another'shearing device, known as grass clipper shears, embodying my invention.

Fig. his a side elevation of the device shown in Figure *10.

.Flg. 1211s *adetail'plan View of the "movable blade -01" the "device shown in Figs. ill) "and' l'l"and 'illustrates the pivotal connection be- 'twcenthem.

FigJIBisa detallgaerspective view -of one form "of connecting member or element, usedintransmittingthe movementofith'e handle to the :mov-

able blade of the shearing v device.

Fig. 14 is a detail perspective view .of the .IllOV- able ,blade oftheshearingdevice shown in Figs. .10 .and 1.1.

.Fig. l l5.is-a cross. sectional view taken substan- ..tially-.as-indicatedby trie -arrows 15-4 5 in a &

Fig. 16 is a cross sectional view, similar to Fig. 15, but with blades of grass to be cut interposed between the blades of the shears in readiness to be clipped ofi thereby.

It will be helpful to an understanding of my invention to first briefly consider some of the more important aspects and features thereof, so

. that these may be kept in mind during the subsequent reading of the detailed description of the various practical and illustrative embodiments of my improvements shown in the accompanying drawings. Accordingly, it is noted that my invention may be embodied in any device having a shearing, cutting, clipping, or scissors action, in which two cutting blades are operated relative to each other so that their cutting edges cross each other.

In such devices the blade which is positively moved toward the other is the one which, according to my invention, automatically cants to ward the other blade as soon as its shearing, cutting or clipping movement begins. For this purpose, the movable blade is loosely mounted or journaled, to permit the operating or driving member to cant, or tilt, the blade in cutting direction. The driving or operating member, in turn, is so formed and connected to the movable blade that actuation thereof will immediately cause the blade to cant or tilt as it is moved thereby to assure positive shearing action at all l of the prior art, must be accurately set relative to each other and firmly held together at their pivotal connection in order to provide efficient shearing contact between their cutting edges. This is not required with the device of my invention because the shearing contact is securd by a cant of one of the blades relative to the other, as effected by its movement producing member. Furthermore, the tendency is to further cant the blade as soon as the object, or material to be out, is engaged by the cutting edge of the blades during operation of my novel shearing device. This causes the movement producing member to increase the cant or tilt of the blade until the shearing function is completed and thereby increase the contact pressure between the cutting edges of the blades in direct proportion to the power exerted in performing the shearing operation by hand, or otherwise.

Referring now to the drawings, Figs. 1, 2 and 3 illustrate one of the simplest shearing devices embodying my invention in the form of tin or sheet metal shears.

This form of shears comprises the blade I and handle 2, which are usually combined into a single or integral member so as to carry the pivot stud 3 at a point intermediate this handle and its blade. On the stud 3 is loosely pivoted the blade 4 and on top of this blade is journaled the handle 5. A nut 6 threaded on the stud 3 serves to hold these members together so that handle 5 can be readily moved relative to handle 2 and operate blade 4 by means of the movement transmitting connection which includes the arm 1, carried by the handle 5, and the stud 8 carried by the blade 4.

The stud 8 is slightly inclined on the blade 4 as illustrated in Figure 3 and loosely engages into the hole 9 provided in the arm 1. The latter is spaced from the blade 4 and thus contacts the stud 8 near its upper free end so that movement of the arm I by its handle 5 will not only cause the blade 4 to swing on the pivot stud 3 but also causes the activating force of the handle 5 to be directed against the blade 4 in pushing relation to the cutting edge thereof so as to slightly tilt or cant the blade in the space provided for this purpose between the combined blade I and handle 2 at the bottom, and the handle 5 at the top of blade 4 as illustrated in Figure 3. Movement of the handle 5 relative to the handle 2 will thus cause shearing movement of the blade 4 relative to the blade 2 and at the same time effect a positive cant of the blade 4 relative to the blade 2 to bring the cutting edge of both blades into intimate shearing contact and keep them in such by the stud I! carried by the blade [4. Suificient space is provided between the top of handle l 0 and bottom of handle l3 as illustrated in Figure '7 to permit a slight rocking movement of the blade l4 on the pivot stud l2 to thus effect a cant of the blade it toward the blade I I whenever movement of the handle E3 is transmitted through the arm I5 and stud ll to the blade [4 for shearing purposes.

When being operated, th two blades of the shears are normally held open by means of the spring l8 as illustrated in Figure 4, and when it is desired to close the shears and keep it closed a latch l9, carried by the handle I3, is made to engage the notch 20 provided in the back of the blade I I as illustrated in Figure 5.

In Figures 8 and 9 my invention is shown embodied in hedge shears which comprise the blade 2| with its handle 22 fixedly attached thereto and the blade 23 with its handle 2 loosely connected thereto. As in the form of shears pre viously described, a pivot stud 25 is carried by the combined blade 2i and handle 22 and on this stud are pivotally mounted the blade and the handle 25. The handle 24 has a short extension 23 which is provided with the hole 2? and the blade 23 carries the stud 2B for engagement into the hole 2! to complete the connection between the blade 23 and the handle 2 for joint and free pivotal movement on the stud Sufiicient clearance is provided in the bearings of the handle 24 and blade 23 to permit these members to slightly cant on the pivot stud Normally, however, the blade 23 and handle 26 are yieldingly held against the inner end of the stationary blade 2! by means of the spring 29* and the nut 29 which is threaded to the stud 25. yielding pressure is not great enough to firmly hold the blades 2! and 25% in a predetermined set position relative to each other but is calculated to yield whenever the handle 2d is moved to onerate the blade 23 through its connection provided by the extension 2% and the stud The movement of the handle through this connec ion as in the case of the shears above described causes the blade 23 to simultaneously cant or tilt during its shearing movement.

The embodiment of my invention in grass shears is illustrated in Figures 10 to 16 inclusive.

In these shears the movable blade 353 is loosely pivoted on the stud 3: which in turn is supported at a point intermediate this blade and its handle 33. Also pivoted on the stud ti on top of the blade St is the movement transmitting plate which is substantially bellcrank shaped and is provided near one of its free ends with the hole 35 and near the other free end with the stud 35. A stud 37 carried by the movable blade 33 is adapted to project through the hole in the plate 34 to provide the driving connection therebetween. In addition the movable blade has suitably attached thereto the bearing member 353 with which it is pivoted to the pivot stud 3|. The bearing member 33 carries the lug which serves as a movement limiting stop for the movable blade 30, in one direction on its contact with the back of the stationary blade 32.

A handle All for the operation of the shears is pivoted to the fixed handle as at it and. its

movement is transmitted to the stud 3d of the movement transmitting plate by the stud d2, angle bracket 43 and link id. An expansion spring 65 mounted between the fixed and movable handles normally separates the handles to a point where the stop 39 or" the movable blade 3% arrests any further opening movement of the blade 38 and thus holds both blades in a predetermined shearing position relative to each other.

As in the other types of shears heretofore described in connection with my invention, the pivotal mounting of the movable blade 35 and the movement transmitting plate 36 on the pivot stud 3: has suflicient clearance to permit the movable blade 30 to cant relative to the fixed blade 31) whenever pressure is applied to the stud 3? by the movement transmitting plate on the operation of the handle til.

It will be apparent from the above description and the drawings that the contact pressure between the cutting edges of the blades is propor tionate to the determined canting of one of the blades. Therefore, to obtain a determined canting, the movable blade is initially regulated, or

set, to effect the desired contact pressure between the cutting edges of both blades. For example, referring to the device as illustrated in Figure 7, the canting effect can be increased or decreased by initially establishing a higher or lower contact of the operating arm 55 on the stud ll.

While I have shown and described several practical and illustrative embodiments of my novel shearing devices, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications thereof are possible without departing from the scope of my invention which is more particularly indicated by the hereto appended claims.

I claim:

1. Shears of the character described comprising, an integral handle and blade unit, a pivot stud. intermediate the ends of said unit, a second handle pivoted on said pivot stud, a cutting blade loosely pivoted on said pivot stud between said handle and blade unit and said second handle, an extension member on said second handle having a portion thereof positioned above and substantially adjacent to the rear edge of said loosely pivoted cutting blade, and means establishing a loose connection between said loosely pivoted cutting blade and said extension member portion so as to efiect tilted pushing movement of the loosely pivoted cutting blade about the pivot stud during cutting operation of the shears.

2. Shears of the character described comprising, an integral handle and blade unit, a pivot stud intermediate the ends of said unit, a second handle pivoted on said pivot stud, a cutting blade loosely pivoted on said pivot stud, lever means pivoted on. said. pivot stud which lever means has portion thereof positioned above and near the rear edge of said loosely pivoted cutting blade, means operatively connecting said second handle and lever means, and means establishing a loose connection between said loosely pivoted cutting blade and lever means portion so as to effect tilted pushing movement of the loosely pivoted cutting blade about the pivot stud during the cutting operation of the shears.

3. Shears of the character described comprising, an integral handle and blade unit, a pivot stud intermediate the ends of said unit, lever means pivoted on said pivot stud above the blade of said unit, a cutting blade loosely pivoted on said pivot stud between said handle and blade unit and said lever means, a connecting stud projecting from said cutting blade and loosely engaging said lever means in spaced relation to said cutting blade to establish a rocking connection on said pivot stud of said loosely pivoted blade said lever means, and a second handle for operating said lever means.

1. Shears in accordance with claim 3, in which said connecting stud is inclined toward the cutting edge of said loosely pivoted cutting blade.

5. Shears of the character described comprising, an integral handle and cutting blade unit, a pivot stud intermediate the ends of said unit, a second handle pivotally mounted on said unit, a second cutting blade loosely pivoted on said pivot stud, and means establishing a loose connection between said second handle and second cutting blade above the cutting edge of the latter and adjacent the rear edge of said second cutting blade so that the second cutting blade will be pushed about the pivot stud in tilted relation to the blade of said unit during cutting operation of the shears.

DAVID HOWARD KEISER, JR.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 21,369 Roome Aug. 31, 1858 1,56 ,630 Ginnell Nov. 24, 1925 2,010,576 Whyte Aug. 6, 1935 2,033,216 Whyte Mar. 10, 1936 2,269,96 Vincze Jan. 13, 1942 2,281,977 Keiser, Jr. May 5, 1942 2,436,560 Feather Feb. 24, 1948 2,528,816 Boyer Nov. 7, 1950 2,560,673 Vosen et al July 17, 1951 

